Showing posts with label carriers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label carriers. Show all posts

Surface and Destroy: The Submarine Gun War in the Pacific Review

Surface and Destroy: The Submarine Gun War in the Pacific
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This is an interesting book. Unlike most WW II submarine books, it give one a good understanding and real feel what Battle Surface was really like. My only complaint is the terrible dust jacket. Not having a WW II submarine on the cover was an unforgivable boo boo on someone's part.

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World War II submariners rarely experienced anything as exhilarating or horrifying as the surface gun attack. Between the ocean floor and the rolling whitecaps above, submarines patrolled a dark abyss in a fusion of silence, shadows, and steel, firing around eleven thousand torpedoes, sinking Japanese men-of-war and more than one thousand merchant ships. But the anonymity and simplicity of the stealthy torpedo attack hid the savagery of warfare -- a stark difference from the brutality of the surface gun maneuver. As the submarine shot through the surface of the water, confined sailors scrambled through the hatches armed with large-caliber guns and met the enemy face-to-face. Surface and Destroy: The Submarine Gun War in the Pacific reveals the nature of submarine warfare in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and investigates the challenges of facing the enemy on the surface.The surface battle amplified the realities of war, bringing submariners into close contact with survivors and potential prisoners of war. As Japan's larger ships disappeared from the Pacific theater, American submarines turned their attention to smaller craft such as patrol boats, schooners, sampans, and junks. Some officers refused to attack enemy vessels of questionable value, while others attacked reluctantly and tried to minimize casualties. Michael Sturma focuses on the submariners' reactions and attitudes toward their victims, exploring the sailors' personal standards of morality and their ability to wage total war. Surface and Destroy is a thorough analysis of the submariner experience and the effects of surface attacks on the war in the Pacific, offering a compelling study of the battles that became "intolerably personal."

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USN Carriers vs IJN Carriers: The Pacific, 1942 (Duel) Review

USN Carriers vs IJN Carriers: The Pacific, 1942 (Duel)
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The epic duel in the Pacific Ocean in 1942 between the carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Kido Butai (Mobile Force) and the carriers of the United States Navy makes for dramatic history and this story is told with great verve and insight by Commander (ret.) Mark Stille. USN Carriers vs IJN Carriers is the sixth volume in Osprey's new Duel series and readers need not fear that this is a repackaging of material from other Campaign and New Vanguard series titles. Rather, this volume provides a fresh look at four carrier vs. carrier battles (Coral Sea, Midway, Eastern Solomons and Santa Cruz) in 1942, fought when the odds were fairly even and in the context of two rival weapon systems. Both the graphics and text were highly engaging and I would strongly recommend this volume for readers interested in the Second World War in the Pacific.
The initial section on design and development focuses on carrier doctrine, carrier design and carrier construction programs for both the U.S. Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy. Herein, the author notes that the U.S. carriers were aided by earlier introduction of air-search radar, heavier anti-aircraft armament, better damage control and larger air wings. On the other hand, the Japanese opted for smaller aircraft with longer range, but otherwise the author views their carriers as generally inferior technically to their main U.S. counterparts. Color plan forms of the USS Enterprise and the IJN Zuikaku are included. The Strategic Situation section outlines the U.S. Navy's vulnerabilities after Pearl Harbor and the effort to mass a sufficient number of carriers to oppose the Kido Butai at a favorable moment. In the technical specifications section, the author details the U.S. Lexington and Yorktown class carriers, as well as the F-4F Wildcat fighter, the SBD-3 Dauntless dive-bomber, the TBD-1 Devastator and TBF-1 Avenger torpedo bombers for the U.S.N., and the 6 fleet and 4 light carriers for the IJN.
The well-written section on combatants discusses each sides' command personnel, naval aviators and anti-aircraft gunnery. Here the author notes that the U.S.N. was actually more selective in pre-war pilot training than the IJN, which found 90 percent of its aircrew from the enlisted ranks. Only 22 percent of U.S. naval aviators in 1942 had more than two year's flying experience. The author provides full-page plates on Vice-Admiral Nagumo and Rear-Admiral Fletcher, and a half-page each on aviators Lieutenant Richard Best (Dauntless pilot from USS Enterprise who bombed Akagi at Midway) and Lieutenant Tomonaga Joichi (Kate pilot from Hiryu who almost torpedoed Yorktown).
The 18-page section on combat sequentially covers the battles of Coral Sea, Midway, Eastern Solomons and Santa Cruz. Although the Japanese made costly mistakes in the first two battles, he notes that they increased the size of their fighter wings and added radar to their carriers, which enhanced their performance in the last two battles. This section also has a color battle scene, depicting Ensign George Gay floating in the water, watching the destruction of Akagi, Kaga and Soryu. The real meat in this volume is the 5-page section on statistics and analysis, which lays out the results of these four battles. While Midway was a clear U.S. victory and Eastern Solomons was a draw, the author views Coral Sea and Santa Cruz as costly Japanese tactical victories. He notes that of the 6 U.S. carriers committed in the Pacific in 1942, 4 were sunk, versus 6 of 10 for the Japanese (plus nearly every one of the survivors was damaged in 1942 - a tough year on carriers). The author makes several key points: (a) the Japanese had superior offensive anti-ship capabilities based upon their superior Type 91 air-launched torpedo -"in every 1942 battle, once an American carrier was torpedoed, it was eventually sunk," (b) the USN had persistent problems coordinating multi-carrier air group attacks in 1942 and Midway was the lucky exception, (c) the Japanese improved their air-search techniques after Midway and were not surprised again and (d) the U.S. continued operating single-carrier task forces throughout 1942 - which weakened their offensive and defensive capabilities - but was gradually moving toward multi-carrier task forces. The author concludes that both sides learned a great deal from these four carrier battles, but only the USN had the resources to build and train large carrier strike groups. Japan struggled to replace its losses from 1942, but was forced to convert merchant ships into carriers and its pilot training program could only produce a trickle of trained pilots. On the other hand, the U.S. mass-produced both the excellent Essex-class carriers and thousands of new pilots. The result was that the one carrier battle after 1942 - the Battle of the Philippine Sea in 1944 - was a decisive victory for the USN, which finally resolved the carrier vs. carrier duel for control of the Pacific.


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The Imperial Japanese Navy was a pioneer in naval aviation, having commissioned the world's first carrier, which was used against the US fleet at Pearl Harbor. The Americans followed suit, initiating huge aircraft carrier development programs. As the Pacific war escalated into the largest naval conflict in history, the role of the carrier became the linchpin of American and Japanese naval strategy as these rival vessels found themselves locked in a struggle for dominance of this critical theater of war. This book provides an analysis of the variety of weaponry available to the rival carriers, including the powerful shipborne guns and embarked aircraft.Study the design and development of these revolutionary ships, discover the pioneering tactics that were used to ensure victory and "live" the experiences of the rival airmen and gun crews as they battled for victory in a duel of skill, tenacity and guts.

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Day of Lightning, Years of Scorn: Walter C. Short and the Attack on Pearl Harbor Review

Day of Lightning, Years of Scorn: Walter C. Short and the Attack on Pearl Harbor
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Those interested in the events of 7 December 1941 will want to read this extremely well-written biography. Anderson clearly places Walter Short in the context of his times, and the Army of the early 20th century. In the first part of the book, Anderson shows Short as a dedicated professional soldier for almost forty years before the Pearl Harbor attack. The book describes the measures that Short took to improve the defenses of Hawaii as well as the many problems that he encountered as the United States struggled to prepare for war. Anderson carefully sifts through the records of the four major investigations of the Pearl Harbor disaster. Throughout, Anderson takes a sympathetic view of Short, but remains even-handed and balanced. In the end, Short comes across as a honorable man and competent soldier, who unfortunately made mistakes. This book will complement other books which often take a more clinical view of the tragedy. Also, the book will make readers wonder if any of their own decisions and actions would be able to stand up to the intense scrutiny that Short had to endure.

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Walter C. Short is remembered as the U.S. Army general who parked his airplanes wingtip-to-wingtip making them easy targets for Japanese pilots attacking Pearl Harbor. History's harsh indictment of his actions as commander of the Army's Hawaiian department is the result of a series of investigations that placed blame for the disaster on General Short and his Navy counterpart, Admiral Husband E. Kimmel. In this first biography of Short, the general emerges as an honorable man who made some fateful errors. This biography is published in cooperation with the Association of the United States Army.

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Pearl Harbor 1941 (Osprey Trade Editions) Review

Pearl Harbor 1941 (Osprey Trade Editions)
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This is a nice little picture book with an accompanying summary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Plenty of pictures and illustrations of the battle itself show the history of this great attack. The author describes both the Japanese and American point of views prior to the attack. Then a general description of the battle itself and the resulting outcome. There is not many personal stories in this book, just the basics of the attack itself. Lots of information in this thin book.
This is an average read. I like a book full of personal stories along with the history to become interested in the book. This is an analtical perspective of the attack and is more focused toward the military historian. A good perspective of the battle.

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Depending on opposing viewpoints, the attack on Pearl Harbor was either a brilliant manoeuvre or a piece of unparalleled villainy. This volume provides a detailed account of the one of the most significant events of World War II. The text is complemented by 3D battleviews, maps and photos.

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Pearl Harbor Amazing Facts Review

Pearl Harbor Amazing Facts
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I like trivia type books and I really enjoyed this book because it presented hundreds of very interesting facts in short, easy to read items. I never knew that President Roosevelt used Al Capone's bulletproof car for protection after the Pearl Harbor attack or that the first ship sunk was not an American ship, but a Japanese submarine. This book is the way they should teach history in school. More kids would pay attention. It is very interesting and entertaining at the same time.

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions Review

The Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions
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I've never met Dr. Alan Zimm in person and have no personal relationship with him, but I know him by reputation as a very highly qualified operations analyst who has spent decades analyzing current-day U.S. Navy operations using the latest knowledge and techniques. Now he has directed his analytical talents and tools to one of the most discussed but little-analyzed major naval operations of history, the Pearl Harbor raid that came to its shocking climax on 7 December 1941. He has done so while being careful to explain his work in terms it will not take a background in naval analysis to understand or enjoy.
The chapters are: 1. Strategic and Operational Setting; 2. Targets, Weapons, and Weapon-Target Pairings; 3. Wargames (i.e., those the Japanese conducted prior to the attack); 4. Planning the Attack; 5. Pre-Attack: Training, Rehearsals, Briefings and Contingency Planning; 6. Execution of the Attack; 7. Assessment of the Attack; 8. Battle Damage Assessment; 9. What Might Have Been: Alerted Pearl Harbor Defenses; 10. Assessing the Folklore; 11. The Fifth Midget Submarine: A Cautionary Tale; 12. Reassessing the Participants; 13. Summary and Conclusions. Appendices provide a tabulation of the second-wave dive bomber attacks; abbreviations, acronyms, and Japanese terms; and ships in Pearl Harbor and Vicinity, as well as a counterfactual scenario for a "perfect attack."
As he emphasizes, Zimm is not an historian, but he provides necessary historical background and he handles it deftly and crisply. He is meticulous about providing source citations for those who want to follow up on any of his historical points. While Zimm's focus is on the Pearl Harbor raid, he goes far beyond that in assessing Japanese forces and thinking, providing a very factual and well-documented analysis of the navy's capabilities and limitations.
Zimm's thorough knowledge not only of naval operations today but historically shows very clearly in his explanation of points such as how and why the Japanese would have conducted their wargaming as they did, the structure and limitations of the planning on both sides, and the effects of material, personnel and environmental factors. As an operations analyst he has a great deal of experience in reconstructing a coherent and consistent picture of a complicated operation on the basis of individual fragmentary reports, and he applies that skill well here. Thus Zimm is able to clarify many things that historians without such a background have missed or misinterpreted, bringing the whole complex operation into clear focus in a way that no one ever has before. Following this, he moves on to analyses of a variety of theories that have been advanced, and of a broad range of "what ifs," efficiently disposing of many myths and outlining the range of possible outcomes of the operation.
Appropriate to an analysis, the book has 20 clear charts and diagrams executed by Matt Baughman. There are also many photos, most chosen to illustrate particular analytical points.
This is not the book for someone looking for the human drama of the Pearl Harbor attack, but like Brian McCue's U Boats in the Bay of Biscay: An Essay in Operations Analysis, it is a striking illustration of the power of operations analysis to vividly illuminate a complex historical event. It also serves as a fine introduction to how to analyze operations, whether to clarify history or to serve as material for improving current operations.
The book works very well as a Kindle e-publication.

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The December 7th, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor has been portrayed by historians as a dazzling success, "brilliantly conceived and meticulously planned."With most American historians concentrating on command errors and the story of participants' experiences, the Japanese attack operation has never been subjected to a comprehensive critical analysis of the military side of the operation.

This book presents a detailed evaluation of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on the operational and tactical level.It examines such questions as: Was the strategy underlying the attack sound? Were there flaws in planning or execution?How did Japanese military culture influence the planning? How risky was the attack?What did the Japanese expect to achieve, balanced against what they did achieve?Were there Japanese blunders?What were their consequences?What might have been the results if the attack had not benefited from the mistakes of the American commanders?

The book also addresses the body of folklore about the attack, supporting or challenging many contentious issues such as the skill level of the Japanese aircrew, whether midget submarines torpedoed Oklahoma and Arizona, as has been recently claimed, whether the Japanese ever really considered launching a third wave attack, and the consequences of a "3rd wave" attack against the Naval Shipyard and the fuel storage tanks if it had been executed.

In addition, the analysis has detected for the first time a body of deceptions that a prominent Japanese participant in the attack placed into the historical record, most likely to conceal his blunders and enhance his reputation.

The centerpiece of the book is an analysis using modern Operations Research methods and computer simulations, as well as combat models developed between 1922 and 1946 at the U.S. Naval War College.The analysis puts a new light on the strategy and tactics employed by Yamamoto to open the Pacific War, and a dramatically different appraisal of the effectiveness of the Attack on Pearl Harbor.

Dr. Alan D. Zimm is a member of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, where he heads a section in the Aviation Systems and Advanced Concepts Group.He is a former officer in the US Navy, completing his service as a Commander, and holds degrees in Physics, Operations Research, and Public Administration with a concentration on Policy Analysis and Strategic Planning.



REVIEWS

"...proves an engrossing study, particularly for those considering themselves well-read on the topic.... it is even more interesting for those with ample knowledge of events in World War II's Pacific Theater of Operations leading up to, on, and following December 7, 1941. For a variety of reasons, including the provocative nature of many of Zimm's fact-built arguments, this reviewer does not hesitate to recommend ..."Globe at War, 7/10/2011

"...very thorough ...as an analysis of the raid from the Japanese point of reference it is very intriguing and goes far to display the old axiom "every plan changes (or falls apart) once the enemy is encountered".IPMS,July 31, 2011

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