Showing posts with label naval operations. Show all posts
Showing posts with label naval operations. Show all posts

Day of Lightning, Years of Scorn: Walter C. Short and the Attack on Pearl Harbor Review

Day of Lightning, Years of Scorn: Walter C. Short and the Attack on Pearl Harbor
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Those interested in the events of 7 December 1941 will want to read this extremely well-written biography. Anderson clearly places Walter Short in the context of his times, and the Army of the early 20th century. In the first part of the book, Anderson shows Short as a dedicated professional soldier for almost forty years before the Pearl Harbor attack. The book describes the measures that Short took to improve the defenses of Hawaii as well as the many problems that he encountered as the United States struggled to prepare for war. Anderson carefully sifts through the records of the four major investigations of the Pearl Harbor disaster. Throughout, Anderson takes a sympathetic view of Short, but remains even-handed and balanced. In the end, Short comes across as a honorable man and competent soldier, who unfortunately made mistakes. This book will complement other books which often take a more clinical view of the tragedy. Also, the book will make readers wonder if any of their own decisions and actions would be able to stand up to the intense scrutiny that Short had to endure.

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Walter C. Short is remembered as the U.S. Army general who parked his airplanes wingtip-to-wingtip making them easy targets for Japanese pilots attacking Pearl Harbor. History's harsh indictment of his actions as commander of the Army's Hawaiian department is the result of a series of investigations that placed blame for the disaster on General Short and his Navy counterpart, Admiral Husband E. Kimmel. In this first biography of Short, the general emerges as an honorable man who made some fateful errors. This biography is published in cooperation with the Association of the United States Army.

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Resurrection: Salvaging the Battle Fleet at Pearl Harbor Review

Resurrection: Salvaging the Battle Fleet at Pearl Harbor
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I tried to think of a way to avoid the Paul Harvey-ish cliché of "the rest of the story," but it's hard to do. Nearly all general histories of the Pearl Harbor attack either end with the close of the attack, or move into the (necessarily more important) aspect of America starting to respond to the changed world situation and coming to grips with the onset of war. Epilogues sometimes report that most of the damaged ships actually returned to the battle lines, but in-depth reports of what happened at Pearl Harbor itself following the attack are pretty rare.
Daniel Madsen steps into this void with a book that, to use another cliché, reads like a novel. Where he could easily have gotten bogged down in damage reports or engineering minutia, he instead tells a surprisingly interesting story that turns as much on personalities as on mechanics. Amid the uncertainty of never knowing for sure whether the Japanese would return for a second strike at the fleet, civilian and naval engineers, divers, repair workers, and line officers devised innovative solutions to large and sometimes unprecedented problems. I can't speak too highly of how Madsen succeeds in weaving this into an interesting and well-paced narrative.
Readers familiar with the Pearl Harbor story will appreciate finding out what happened to the ships, and the base as a whole, in the weeks and months following the attack. Although the eyes of the world moved away from Pearl and onto the wider theater of war after the first days of December, 1941, the story of what happened there is still one well worth telling. I commend Daniel Madsen for the fine job he did telling it, and recommend his work to students of the attack and naval history buffs generally.

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions Review

The Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions
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I've never met Dr. Alan Zimm in person and have no personal relationship with him, but I know him by reputation as a very highly qualified operations analyst who has spent decades analyzing current-day U.S. Navy operations using the latest knowledge and techniques. Now he has directed his analytical talents and tools to one of the most discussed but little-analyzed major naval operations of history, the Pearl Harbor raid that came to its shocking climax on 7 December 1941. He has done so while being careful to explain his work in terms it will not take a background in naval analysis to understand or enjoy.
The chapters are: 1. Strategic and Operational Setting; 2. Targets, Weapons, and Weapon-Target Pairings; 3. Wargames (i.e., those the Japanese conducted prior to the attack); 4. Planning the Attack; 5. Pre-Attack: Training, Rehearsals, Briefings and Contingency Planning; 6. Execution of the Attack; 7. Assessment of the Attack; 8. Battle Damage Assessment; 9. What Might Have Been: Alerted Pearl Harbor Defenses; 10. Assessing the Folklore; 11. The Fifth Midget Submarine: A Cautionary Tale; 12. Reassessing the Participants; 13. Summary and Conclusions. Appendices provide a tabulation of the second-wave dive bomber attacks; abbreviations, acronyms, and Japanese terms; and ships in Pearl Harbor and Vicinity, as well as a counterfactual scenario for a "perfect attack."
As he emphasizes, Zimm is not an historian, but he provides necessary historical background and he handles it deftly and crisply. He is meticulous about providing source citations for those who want to follow up on any of his historical points. While Zimm's focus is on the Pearl Harbor raid, he goes far beyond that in assessing Japanese forces and thinking, providing a very factual and well-documented analysis of the navy's capabilities and limitations.
Zimm's thorough knowledge not only of naval operations today but historically shows very clearly in his explanation of points such as how and why the Japanese would have conducted their wargaming as they did, the structure and limitations of the planning on both sides, and the effects of material, personnel and environmental factors. As an operations analyst he has a great deal of experience in reconstructing a coherent and consistent picture of a complicated operation on the basis of individual fragmentary reports, and he applies that skill well here. Thus Zimm is able to clarify many things that historians without such a background have missed or misinterpreted, bringing the whole complex operation into clear focus in a way that no one ever has before. Following this, he moves on to analyses of a variety of theories that have been advanced, and of a broad range of "what ifs," efficiently disposing of many myths and outlining the range of possible outcomes of the operation.
Appropriate to an analysis, the book has 20 clear charts and diagrams executed by Matt Baughman. There are also many photos, most chosen to illustrate particular analytical points.
This is not the book for someone looking for the human drama of the Pearl Harbor attack, but like Brian McCue's U Boats in the Bay of Biscay: An Essay in Operations Analysis, it is a striking illustration of the power of operations analysis to vividly illuminate a complex historical event. It also serves as a fine introduction to how to analyze operations, whether to clarify history or to serve as material for improving current operations.
The book works very well as a Kindle e-publication.

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The December 7th, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor has been portrayed by historians as a dazzling success, "brilliantly conceived and meticulously planned."With most American historians concentrating on command errors and the story of participants' experiences, the Japanese attack operation has never been subjected to a comprehensive critical analysis of the military side of the operation.

This book presents a detailed evaluation of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on the operational and tactical level.It examines such questions as: Was the strategy underlying the attack sound? Were there flaws in planning or execution?How did Japanese military culture influence the planning? How risky was the attack?What did the Japanese expect to achieve, balanced against what they did achieve?Were there Japanese blunders?What were their consequences?What might have been the results if the attack had not benefited from the mistakes of the American commanders?

The book also addresses the body of folklore about the attack, supporting or challenging many contentious issues such as the skill level of the Japanese aircrew, whether midget submarines torpedoed Oklahoma and Arizona, as has been recently claimed, whether the Japanese ever really considered launching a third wave attack, and the consequences of a "3rd wave" attack against the Naval Shipyard and the fuel storage tanks if it had been executed.

In addition, the analysis has detected for the first time a body of deceptions that a prominent Japanese participant in the attack placed into the historical record, most likely to conceal his blunders and enhance his reputation.

The centerpiece of the book is an analysis using modern Operations Research methods and computer simulations, as well as combat models developed between 1922 and 1946 at the U.S. Naval War College.The analysis puts a new light on the strategy and tactics employed by Yamamoto to open the Pacific War, and a dramatically different appraisal of the effectiveness of the Attack on Pearl Harbor.

Dr. Alan D. Zimm is a member of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, where he heads a section in the Aviation Systems and Advanced Concepts Group.He is a former officer in the US Navy, completing his service as a Commander, and holds degrees in Physics, Operations Research, and Public Administration with a concentration on Policy Analysis and Strategic Planning.



REVIEWS

"...proves an engrossing study, particularly for those considering themselves well-read on the topic.... it is even more interesting for those with ample knowledge of events in World War II's Pacific Theater of Operations leading up to, on, and following December 7, 1941. For a variety of reasons, including the provocative nature of many of Zimm's fact-built arguments, this reviewer does not hesitate to recommend ..."Globe at War, 7/10/2011

"...very thorough ...as an analysis of the raid from the Japanese point of reference it is very intriguing and goes far to display the old axiom "every plan changes (or falls apart) once the enemy is encountered".IPMS,July 31, 2011

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